Gakgung

A gakgung (각궁, 角弓) is a traditional Korean composite bow. It is characterized by its unique construction using water buffalo horn, wood (typically birch), sinew, and tree sap. These materials are carefully layered and bound together to create a powerful and highly elastic bow.

The gakgung is relatively short compared to other composite bows, often measuring around 1.2 meters (4 feet) unstrung. Despite its size, it is known for its impressive range and power. Its recurved design, where the limbs curve sharply backward when unstrung, allows for greater energy storage and release when the string is drawn.

Traditionally, gakgung were used for hunting, warfare, and sport. Archery, specifically using the gakgung, holds a significant place in Korean history and culture. It was an important skill for warriors and was also enjoyed as a recreational activity by people of all social classes. The practice of Korean traditional archery is known as gungsul (궁술).

The making of a gakgung is a complex and time-consuming process requiring specialized skills and knowledge passed down through generations. Master bowyers, or gungjang (궁장), are highly respected artisans who dedicate their lives to crafting these bows. The methods and techniques involved in gakgung construction are considered an important part of Korean intangible cultural heritage.

Modern gakgung are still produced and used for traditional archery competitions and demonstrations. They are also collected and admired as examples of Korean craftsmanship and cultural heritage.