Príncipe

Príncipe is one of the two major islands of the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe, located in the Gulf of Guinea off the western equatorial coast of Africa. It is the smaller of the two islands, both in land area and population.

Geography:

Príncipe is a volcanic island characterized by a lush, tropical rainforest environment. Its terrain is generally rugged, with steep slopes and a central mountainous region. Pico do Príncipe, the island's highest peak, is an extinct volcano. The island is surrounded by smaller islets.

History:

Príncipe was uninhabited until the Portuguese arrived in the late 15th century. They established plantations, initially focusing on sugar production and later on coffee and cocoa. The island served as a strategic location in the Atlantic slave trade. In 1919, the island was the location of an experiment to confirm Einstein's Theory of Relativity, observing the bending of starlight during a solar eclipse. Along with São Tomé, Príncipe gained independence from Portugal in 1975.

Politics and Administration:

Príncipe has had a level of autonomy since 1995, with its own Regional Government. This autonomy allows for a degree of self-governance in local matters.

Economy:

Historically, Príncipe's economy was based on plantation agriculture. Today, efforts are being made to diversify the economy, focusing on tourism and sustainable development, including ecotourism.

Culture:

The culture of Príncipe is influenced by its Portuguese colonial past and African heritage. The population speaks Portuguese and various local Creole languages.

Biodiversity:

Príncipe is recognized for its exceptional biodiversity, boasting a wide range of endemic species of plants and animals. The island is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, emphasizing the importance of conserving its unique ecosystem.