Farmeria

Farmeria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. These lichens are crustose, meaning they form a crust-like growth tightly adhered to a substrate, typically rock (saxicolous) or bark (corticolous).

Characteristics:

• Thallus: The thallus, or lichen body, of Farmeria species is generally thin and often inconspicuous. It can be areolate (divided into small, distinct areas) or continuous. The color ranges from pale yellow to orange or gray.
• Apothecia: Farmeria produces apothecia, which are disc-shaped or slightly convex fruiting bodies where spores are produced. These apothecia are typically brightly colored, matching the orange or yellow hues seen in other Teloschistaceae members. The apothecial disc is usually lecideine, meaning it lacks a thalline margin (a margin composed of the lichen's vegetative tissue).
• Spores: The spores are typically polarilocular, meaning they have two cells separated by a thickened septum. This is a characteristic feature of the Teloschistaceae family. They are hyaline (clear) and ellipsoid in shape.
• Chemistry: Farmeria species often contain anthraquinones, which contribute to their characteristic yellow or orange coloration. These compounds can be detected using chemical spot tests.

Distribution and Habitat:

Farmeria species are found in various regions around the world, including temperate and tropical areas. They typically grow on rocks or bark in open, sunny locations. The specific distribution and habitat preferences vary depending on the species.

Taxonomy:

The genus Farmeria was established to accommodate certain species that share similar morphological and chemical characteristics within the Teloschistaceae family. The classification of lichens, including Farmeria, is based on a combination of morphological, chemical, and molecular data.

Distinguishing Features:

Farmeria can be differentiated from other related lichen genera by its crustose thallus, brightly colored lecideine apothecia, polarilocular spores, and the presence of anthraquinones. Microscopic examination of the spores and apothecial structure is often necessary for accurate identification.

Conservation:

The conservation status of Farmeria species varies depending on the region and the specific species in question. Some species may be rare or threatened due to habitat loss or other environmental factors. Further research is needed to assess the conservation needs of many Farmeria species.