Design science (methodology)

Design science, as a methodology, is a problem-solving paradigm that seeks to create and evaluate innovative artifacts intended to solve identified problems, improve existing solutions, or create new possibilities. It differs from natural science, which aims to understand and explain the natural world, by focusing on the artificial: the human-made.

The core principle of design science is the iterative development and evaluation of artifacts. These artifacts can take many forms, including constructs (concepts), models (abstractions), methods (processes), instantiations (prototypes), and design theories. The creation process is driven by a clear understanding of the problem domain and the intended utility of the artifact.

Key characteristics of design science methodology include:

• Problem Relevance: Research should address a practically relevant and important problem. The justification for addressing the problem is paramount.

• Design as an Artifact: The outcome of the research must be a purposeful artifact created to address the problem. The artifact is more than just a proof of concept; it should be demonstrably valuable.

• Design Evaluation: The utility, quality, and efficacy of the artifact must be rigorously evaluated. This can be achieved through a variety of methods, including experimentation, simulation, case studies, and expert evaluation.

• Research Contributions: Design science research must contribute to the body of knowledge. This contribution can take the form of a new artifact, a new understanding of the problem, a new method for designing artifacts, or a new evaluation methodology.

• Research Rigor: The research process must adhere to rigorous scientific principles. This includes the use of appropriate methodologies, the careful collection and analysis of data, and the transparent reporting of results.

• Design as a Search Process: Design is inherently an iterative and explorative process. Multiple design iterations and evaluations are common and encouraged to refine and improve the artifact.

• Communication of Research: Results should be effectively communicated to both technical and managerial audiences.

The overall goal of design science research is not simply to solve a problem, but also to contribute to our understanding of design and how artifacts can be used to improve the world.