Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Maoist Unity Centre

The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Maoist Unity Centre, often abbreviated as CPI (ML) Maoist Unity Centre, is a communist party in India adhering to Marxism-Leninism-Maoism. The party emerged from a split within the CPI (ML) People's War, prior to the merger that formed the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in 2004.

The CPI (ML) Maoist Unity Centre advocated for armed struggle as the primary means of achieving a communist revolution in India. Its activities largely centered in rural areas, focusing on mobilizing landless laborers and peasants against landlords and the state. The party's ideology emphasized the establishment of a "New Democratic" society through protracted people's war.

The organization differed from other Naxalite groups in its specific interpretations of Maoist theory and its strategic approach to revolution in the Indian context. It maintained a distinct organizational structure and operated independently, though often in coordination with other similar groups.

The CPI (ML) Maoist Unity Centre played a significant role in the pre-merger Naxalite landscape. After a series of unity talks and negotiations, it merged with other prominent Maoist organizations, principally the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War and the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCCI), to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in 2004. This merger was intended to consolidate the Maoist movement and create a more unified and effective revolutionary force. The CPI (Maoist) continues to be a banned organization in India and remains engaged in armed conflict with the Indian state.