Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Bolshevik

The Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Bolshevik is a small, Marxist-Leninist political party in India. It traces its origins to the pre-independence communist movement in India, and specifically to those elements that were critical of the mainstream Communist Party of India (CPI) and later the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) for perceived deviations from orthodox Marxist-Leninist principles.

The party's ideology is rooted in Marxism-Leninism and emphasizes armed struggle and revolution as the primary means of achieving a communist society. It generally adheres to a Maoist line, though differences may exist on specific issues. The term "Bolshevik" in the party's name signifies an adherence to the revolutionary principles and organizational methods associated with Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

The CPI (ML) Bolshevik has historically been involved in agrarian movements and struggles, particularly in rural areas. It advocates for the rights of peasants, agricultural laborers, and other marginalized sections of society. The party's influence and organizational strength are primarily concentrated in certain pockets of India, and it has generally remained a relatively minor force in national politics.

Due to the party's advocacy of armed struggle, it has faced state repression and its activities have been restricted in some regions. Like other communist parties in India, the CPI (ML) Bolshevik has experienced splits and factionalism throughout its history. Its current organizational structure and activities reflect its commitment to revolutionary Marxist-Leninist ideology and its efforts to mobilize support among the rural poor.