Chathi

Chathi, also sometimes spelled as Chhathi or Chhatthi, is a Hindu festival predominantly celebrated in India, particularly in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, as well as in Nepal. It is dedicated to Surya, the sun god, and his sister Chhathi Maiya (also referred to as Usha), believed to be the source of all power.

The festival is observed over four days, typically six days after Diwali. It involves rigorous rituals, including fasting (often without water), holy bathing, and offering arghya (oblations) to the rising and setting sun. The rituals are performed by women, known as vratis, for the well-being and prosperity of their families, especially for their sons. Men can also observe the fast and participate in the rituals.

The celebration is characterised by its simplicity, austerity, and emphasis on devotion. It is considered one of the oldest Hindu festivals, with some scholars tracing its origins back to ancient Vedic texts. The primary goal of Chathi Puja is to thank Surya for sustaining life on Earth and to seek his blessings. The festival is also associated with cleansing the body and mind, promoting harmony, and strengthening family bonds.

Key components of the festival include Nahay Khay (the first day, involving cleaning and vegetarian meals), Kharna (the second day, where a special meal is prepared), Sandhya Arghya (the third day, offering evening prayers and oblation to the setting sun), and Usha Arghya (the fourth day, offering morning prayers and oblation to the rising sun). Specific food items, such as thekua, are prepared as offerings. The ghats of rivers and other water bodies are decorated for the occasion, and devotional songs dedicated to Surya and Chhathi Maiya are sung throughout the festival.