Cephissus (Athenian plain)

The Cephissus (also spelled Kephissos or Kifisos) is a river in Attica, Greece, flowing through the Athenian plain. It is one of the two principal rivers of the region, the other being the Ilissus. The Cephissus rises in the mountains of Parnitha and Penteli, to the north of Athens, and flows southwest through the plain, eventually emptying into Phaleron Bay, which is part of the Saronic Gulf.

In ancient times, the Cephissus was vital for irrigation and agriculture in the Athenian plain. Its waters were diverted for use in fields and gardens, contributing to the area's fertility. The river played a significant role in the mythology and cultural landscape of ancient Athens, featuring in various stories and traditions.

While the Cephissus was once a perennial river, its flow has been significantly reduced due to urbanization, water extraction, and climate change. In the modern era, the riverbed is often dry, especially during the summer months. Efforts have been made to manage and restore the Cephissus, addressing issues of pollution and water scarcity. The river remains an important geographical feature of the Athenian landscape, though its ecological condition differs significantly from its ancient state.