Capella

Capella is the brightest star in the constellation Auriga and the sixth brightest star in the night sky. It is a multiple star system composed of two binary stars, Capella Aa, Capella Ab, Capella H, and Capella L. The dominant pair, Capella Aa and Capella Ab, are both bright yellow giant stars. These stars are approaching the end of their hydrogen-burning phase and are evolving off the main sequence.

Capella Aa is a G-type giant star, larger and more luminous than our Sun. Capella Ab is also a G-type giant, slightly smaller and less luminous than Capella Aa, but still significantly larger than the Sun. Both stars are rapid rotators, which contributes to their high levels of chromospheric activity.

The other components, Capella H and Capella L, are faint red dwarfs located at a significant distance from the primary pair. They orbit the main binary system and are much fainter, requiring telescopes to be observed.

Capella is relatively close to Earth, located approximately 42.9 light-years away. Its proximity and brightness make it a prominent and easily observable star in the northern hemisphere. Due to its northern declination, it is circumpolar for observers at higher northern latitudes, meaning it never sets below the horizon.

Historically, Capella has been significant in various cultures. Its name originates from the Latin word for "little she-goat," reflecting its association with the constellation Auriga, the charioteer. Different civilizations have associated the star with various myths and legends. Its consistent presence in the night sky and its notable brightness have made it a valuable navigational aid and a prominent fixture in astronomical observations throughout history.