Bryotype

A bryotype is a preserved specimen of a bryophyte (moss, liverwort, or hornwort) designated as the nomenclatural type for a particular species or subspecies name. The bryotype serves as the definitive reference point for the correct application of that scientific name. When a new bryophyte species is described, the author is required to designate a specific specimen as the type. This type specimen is then deposited in a recognized herbarium, where it is permanently preserved and available for study by other researchers.

The concept of a bryotype is analogous to the holotype in vascular plant taxonomy, representing the single specimen upon which the original description of the species is based. However, due to the nature of bryophytes and historical practices, there may be variations on the type concept:

• Holotype: The single specimen explicitly designated as the type by the author of the name.
• Isotype: A duplicate specimen of the holotype, collected at the same time and location by the same person.
• Syntype: When no holotype was designated in the original publication, each of the specimens cited in the protologue (original description) becomes a syntype.
• Lectotype: If no holotype exists or it is missing, a lectotype is a specimen selected from the original material cited in the protologue to serve as the type.
• Neotype: If all original material is missing, a neotype is a specimen selected to serve as the type. A neotype should be chosen only when absolutely necessary, and a clear justification for its selection must be provided.
• Epitype: A specimen selected to serve as an interpretive type when the holotype, lectotype, or neotype is demonstrably ambiguous and cannot be critically identified for purposes of precise application of the name of a taxon.

The examination of bryotypes is crucial for resolving taxonomic uncertainties and ensuring consistent application of scientific names. Bryotype collections are vital resources for taxonomic research, conservation efforts, and understanding bryophyte biodiversity. Access to well-curated herbarium collections containing bryotypes is essential for accurate identification and classification of these important plants.