Caithness

Caithness is a historic county, registration county, and lieutenancy area of Scotland. It is located on the northeastern tip of the mainland, bounded to the west by Sutherland, to the south by Sutherland and Moray, and to the north and east by the Pentland Firth and the North Sea, respectively.

Historically, Caithness was a Norse earldom, reflecting strong Scandinavian influence. It was gradually integrated into the Kingdom of Scotland. The county's name derives from the Norse Katanes, meaning "Cape of the Cats," likely referring to an earlier Pictish tribe.

The principal town of Caithness is Wick, located on the east coast. Other significant settlements include Thurso, the largest town, and Castletown.

The landscape of Caithness is characterized by vast, open moorland known as the Flow Country, an important peatland area with significant biodiversity. The coastline is dramatic, with cliffs, stacks, and sandy bays. Agriculture, fishing, and tourism are important parts of the local economy.

Caithness is represented within the Highland Council area for local government purposes. It retains a separate identity and strong sense of regional pride. Prominent landmarks include Dunnet Head, the most northerly point on mainland Britain, and Castle Sinclair Girnigoe, a ruined clifftop castle.