Caelatura

Caelatura (also spelled coelatura) is a type of relief sculpture, specifically the art of engraving or embossing metal, especially gold or silver. It involves creating a design by hammering or chiseling the metal from the reverse side (repoussé) or by cutting away metal from the front. Caelatura is distinct from other metalworking techniques like casting or inlay. The term can also be used more broadly to describe any incised or chased decoration on metal surfaces. While often associated with ancient Roman art, the technique was employed in various cultures and time periods for creating elaborate ornamentation on objects such as vessels, armor, and jewelry.