Bio-duck

The term "Bio-duck" refers to a peculiar, low-frequency underwater sound, typically in the range of 50-200 Hz, that has been observed primarily in Antarctic waters. The origin of the sound was initially a mystery, leading to speculation about its potential anthropogenic or even geological source. However, it is now widely accepted that the "Bio-duck" sound is produced by Antarctic minke whales ( Balaenoptera bonaerensis).

The mechanism by which minke whales generate this sound is not fully understood. Theories range from vocalizations involving the larynx to other, potentially unique sound-producing organs within the whale's anatomy. The "Bio-duck" sound is characterized by its distinct, repetitive pattern and relatively consistent frequency, which makes it distinguishable from other underwater sounds.

The discovery and understanding of the "Bio-duck" sound have been crucial for studying the distribution, abundance, and behavior of Antarctic minke whales, particularly in remote and inaccessible areas of the Southern Ocean. Passive acoustic monitoring, which involves listening for the "Bio-duck" sound, is a valuable tool for researchers to track these whales without the need for visual observation or tagging. This is especially important because minke whales are often difficult to spot visually due to their elusive behavior and the challenging environmental conditions of Antarctica. The study of the "Bio-duck" sound continues to contribute to our understanding of minke whale ecology and the broader Antarctic ecosystem.