Barddas

Barddas is a collection of manuscripts compiled in the late 18th and early 19th centuries by Iolo Morganwg (Edward Williams), purporting to be ancient Welsh lore and Druidic traditions. The name "Barddas" itself is a constructed word, combining "Bardd" (Bard) and the suffix "-as," implying a collection or system of bardic knowledge.

The content of the Barddas covers a wide range of topics, including cosmology, theology, ethics, and social organization. It presents a complex system of belief that combines elements of Welsh mythology, Christianity, and esoteric philosophy. A key feature of the Barddas is its emphasis on the interconnectedness of all things and the importance of balance and harmony in the universe. It outlines a threefold division of the cosmos, emphasizing the continuous cycle of existence and the eventual return of all beings to their source.

However, the Barddas is now widely regarded by scholars as largely the invention of Iolo Morganwg. While it may contain elements of genuine Welsh tradition, it is heavily influenced by his own philosophical and religious ideas. Iolo's penchant for embellishment and fabrication has led to considerable debate about the authenticity of the Barddas and its value as a source for understanding pre-Christian Welsh beliefs.

Despite its questionable authenticity, the Barddas has had a significant impact on Welsh culture and identity. It has inspired many artists, writers, and religious figures, and continues to be a source of fascination for those interested in Celtic spirituality and the occult. It remains an important text for understanding the development of modern Druidry and the romanticized vision of ancient Wales that emerged during the Romantic period. The Barddas demonstrates Iolo Morganwg's creative genius and his contribution, albeit controversial, to the construction of Welsh cultural heritage.