Barbarossa (film)

Barbarossa, also known as Sword of War in some international markets, is a 2009 Italian historical drama film directed by Renzo Martinelli. The film portrays the life of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, nicknamed "Barbarossa" (Redbeard), and his conflicts in Northern Italy during the 12th century.

The film focuses on Barbarossa's efforts to assert imperial authority over the Lombard League, an alliance of Northern Italian cities determined to maintain their independence. It depicts key events such as the Siege of Crema, the Battle of Legnano, and the eventual Peace of Constance.

Starring Rutger Hauer as Frederick Barbarossa, the film features a large cast and attempts to recreate the historical setting with elaborate costumes and battle sequences. It presents a narrative of political intrigue, military campaigns, and the clash between imperial ambition and regional autonomy.

The film was met with mixed reviews. Critics often pointed to its historical inaccuracies and perceived nationalistic overtones. Despite the criticism, Barbarossa was a significant production in Italian cinema and contributed to the popularization of medieval history within Italian culture.