Ashlar

Ashlar refers to precisely cut and dressed stones that are used in the construction of walls and structures. Unlike rubble or fieldstone, ashlar stones are worked to have smooth, square edges, allowing for very thin mortar joints and a neat, uniform appearance.

The defining characteristic of ashlar masonry is the precise cutting and dressing of each stone unit. This involves squaring the stones and giving them a smooth face, which may be polished, tooled, or otherwise finished depending on the desired aesthetic. The stones are laid in courses (horizontal rows), with the joints between the stones typically kept narrow.

There are several types of ashlar masonry, often categorized by the way the stone faces are finished and the way the courses are arranged. Some common types include:

• Rough-faced ashlar: The visible faces of the stones are left relatively rough or textured.

• Smooth-faced ashlar: The visible faces of the stones are smoothed or polished for a refined appearance.

• Coursed ashlar: The stones are laid in continuous, level courses of uniform height.

• Random ashlar: The stones are laid in courses of varying heights, creating a more irregular pattern.

Ashlar masonry is associated with strength, durability, and a high level of craftsmanship. It has been used in monumental architecture throughout history, from ancient structures to modern buildings. The precision required in its creation makes it a more costly construction method than using less regularly shaped stones.