Apollo

Apollo was one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion and mythology. The ideal of the kouros (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun; truth and prophecy; healing, plague and medicine; music, poetry, and the arts; archery; and the protection of young boys. He was the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis.

Role and Attributes

Apollo was widely venerated throughout the ancient world. His principal sanctuary was at Delphi, famous for its oracle. As a prophetic deity, Apollo, through the Delphic Oracle, revealed knowledge of the future to individuals and city-states alike. His advice and prophecies were highly sought after, influencing major decisions and events.

In art, Apollo is typically depicted as a handsome, athletic youth, often with a lyre or bow and arrows. He is frequently crowned with laurel, a symbol of victory and poetic inspiration. The association with the sun is later development. Initially, Helios was the personification of the sun, while Apollo was associated with light in a broader sense.

Myths and Legends

Apollo figures prominently in numerous Greek myths. He is known for his musical contests, often besting rivals with his divine skill. The myth of Daphne, who was transformed into a laurel tree to escape his advances, explains the significance of the laurel wreath. Other important myths include his role in the founding of Delphi and his slaying of the Python, a monstrous serpent. His anger could be as destructive as his healing powers were beneficial.

Worship and Cult

Worship of Apollo was widespread, with numerous temples and festivals dedicated to him. Offerings were made to him in the form of sacrifices, hymns, and dedications. The Pythian Games, held at Delphi, were a major event in his honor, featuring athletic competitions, music, and dramatic performances. His influence extended beyond Greece, with Roman adaptations of his cult and attributes.