Annen (monk)

Annen (安然, 841–915) was a prominent Japanese Tendai Buddhist monk and scholar of the early Heian period. He is considered a significant figure in the development of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism (Mikkyō), particularly the aspects associated with the Enchin (円珍) lineage, also known as the Temple School (寺門, Jimon).

Annen entered the Buddhist order at a young age and studied extensively at Enryaku-ji temple on Mount Hiei, the center of Tendai Buddhism. He became a leading disciple of Enchin, the fifth Tendai Abbot. Following Enchin's death, Annen played a vital role in preserving and disseminating Enchin's teachings, particularly those pertaining to Esoteric Buddhism.

Annen is renowned for his extensive writings on various aspects of Buddhist doctrine, including Esoteric Buddhism, Vinaya (monastic discipline), and Tendai philosophy. His works contributed significantly to the systematization and intellectual articulation of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism. Some of his most important writings include commentaries on Esoteric scriptures and treatises on ritual practice.

Annen's efforts helped solidify the position of the Enchin lineage within the Tendai school and contributed to the overall development of Japanese Buddhism. His work continues to be studied and revered by practitioners and scholars of Japanese Buddhism.