Al-Ghadir

Al-Ghadir refers to a significant historical event and the location where it occurred in Islamic tradition, particularly within Shia Islam. "Ghadir" itself means pond or watering place. The event of Al-Ghadir took place at Ghadir Khumm in 10 AH (632 CE) during the Prophet Muhammad's return journey to Medina from his farewell pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wida').

According to Shia Muslim accounts, it was at Ghadir Khumm that Prophet Muhammad, under divine instruction, publicly designated Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and son-in-law, as his Mawla (master, guardian, or leader) to succeed him after his death. This designation is based on the pronouncement attributed to Muhammad: "Man kuntu mawlahu fa `Aliyyun mawlahu" (Whomsoever I am his Mawla, Ali is his Mawla).

The interpretation of the word Mawla is a key point of divergence between Shia and Sunni Muslims. Shia Muslims interpret Mawla to mean "leader" or "successor," thus viewing the event at Ghadir Khumm as the formal appointment of Ali as the Prophet's successor and the first Imam. Sunni Muslims, on the other hand, often interpret Mawla as "friend" or "protector," suggesting that the Prophet Muhammad was merely emphasizing Ali's importance and urging the community to support and respect him.

The anniversary of the event of Al-Ghadir, known as Eid al-Ghadir, is a major religious holiday celebrated by Shia Muslims worldwide. It is commemorated with prayers, sermons, festive gatherings, and acts of charity. Historical narratives and poetry related to the event are also recited and shared. The location of Ghadir Khumm is considered a historically significant site, although its exact location is debated by historians.