9th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)

The 9th Infantry Division (Turkish: 9. Piyade Tümeni) was a division of the Ottoman Army during World War I. It participated in several campaigns throughout the war, primarily operating on the Gallipoli Peninsula and later on the Palestine front.

Formation and Organization: Details regarding the precise date of formation are scarce, but it was active from the early stages of the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915. Like other Ottoman infantry divisions, its structure would have consisted of three infantry regiments, an artillery battalion, and supporting units. The specific regiments assigned to the 9th Division likely changed throughout the war due to casualties and reorganizations within the Ottoman Army.

Gallipoli Campaign: The 9th Infantry Division saw heavy action during the Gallipoli Campaign, notably in the defense of critical sectors against the Allied landings. It was involved in fierce fighting around areas such as Krithia and Achi Baba. The division suffered significant casualties during this protracted campaign, reflecting the overall attrition experienced by both sides.

Palestine Front: Following the evacuation of Gallipoli, the 9th Infantry Division was redeployed to the Palestine front. Here, it participated in the defense against the British advance towards Palestine. It engaged in battles around Gaza and Beersheba. The division's role was to hold defensive positions and attempt to slow the Allied advance.

Later Stages and Dissolution: As the war progressed and the Ottoman Empire faced increasing pressure, the 9th Division, along with other Ottoman units, was gradually weakened due to losses and supply shortages. Details regarding its final battles and eventual dissolution are limited. However, it's likely that the remnants of the division were either disbanded or absorbed into other units as the Ottoman war effort collapsed.

Commanders: Information on specific commanders of the 9th Infantry Division is limited and requires further research. Identifying the key figures who led the division during its various campaigns would provide a more complete understanding of its history.