Zaculeu

Zaculeu (also known as Saqulew) is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site located in the Western Highlands of Guatemala, near the modern city of Huehuetenango. Zaculeu was the capital of the Mam kingdom and was inhabited for several centuries, with evidence of occupation dating back to the Early Classic period (c. 250-600 AD) and continuing until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century.

The site is characterized by its distinctive white-plastered architecture. Structures include a series of pyramids, temples, palaces, and a ballcourt, all arranged around plazas. The architecture shows influences from Teotihuacan during the Early Classic period and later exhibits distinct Mam styles.

Zaculeu played a significant role in regional trade and politics. Its strategic location allowed it to control access to important trade routes.

During the Spanish conquest, Zaculeu was besieged by Gonzalo de Alvarado y Chávez in 1525. The Mam, led by their king Kayb'il B'alam, initially resisted fiercely. However, due to starvation and disease, the Mam were eventually forced to surrender. Following the conquest, Zaculeu was largely abandoned.

In the mid-20th century, the United Fruit Company funded a controversial restoration project at Zaculeu. The restoration, while preserving the physical structures, has been criticized by some archaeologists for its heavy-handed approach and perceived lack of historical accuracy in certain aspects.

Today, Zaculeu is a popular tourist destination and an important cultural heritage site in Guatemala. It provides valuable insights into the history and culture of the Mam Maya civilization.