Yin Lihua

Yin Lihua (陰麗華, 5 BC – 64 AD), formally Empress Guanglie (光烈皇后), was an empress of the Han Dynasty. She was the wife of Emperor Guangwu, the founder of the Eastern Han dynasty.

Yin Lihua was renowned for her beauty, virtue, and modesty. According to historical accounts, Emperor Guangwu was captivated by her beauty before his rise to power and famously declared, "If I am to be an official, I wish to be an official in charge of law enforcement. If I am to marry, I wish to marry Yin Lihua."

During Emperor Guangwu's reign, Yin Lihua was considered for the position of Empress. However, she declined, believing that Guo Shengtong, who had provided crucial support to Emperor Guangwu during his campaigns, should be given the honor. Guo Shengtong was initially appointed Empress, and Yin Lihua became a noble consort (贵人).

Later, due to political issues and Guo Shengtong's behavior, Emperor Guangwu deposed her as Empress. In 41 AD, Yin Lihua was finally instated as Empress. She maintained a reputation for humility and never abused her power. She bore Emperor Guangwu five sons, including the future Emperor Ming.

Empress Yin Lihua is remembered as a virtuous and influential figure in Chinese history. Her story is often used to illustrate the ideal of a modest and supportive empress. After her death in 64 AD, she was buried with Emperor Guangwu.