World of Darkness (Mandaeism)

In Mandaean cosmology, the World of Darkness (also sometimes referred to as the Lower World or the realm of darkness) represents the antithesis of the World of Light, the ultimate source of goodness and life. It is a chaotic and malevolent realm ruled by dark entities, most prominently Ruha, the personification of the spirit of chaos and the mother of the seven planets (representing astrological fate) and the twelve signs of the zodiac, which are forces that bind and afflict the human soul.

The World of Darkness is characterized by its lack of light, knowledge, and spiritual essence. It is a place of suffering, ignorance, and corruption, where the soul is imprisoned and prevented from ascending to the World of Light. The beings of darkness constantly seek to ensnare and deceive humanity, hindering their spiritual progress.

The relationship between the World of Light and the World of Darkness is one of constant struggle. Mandaeism emphasizes the need for humans to resist the influences of darkness and strive towards the light through knowledge (gnosis), rituals, and adherence to Mandaean teachings. The ultimate goal of the Mandaean is to liberate the soul from the constraints of the material world and the forces of darkness, ultimately enabling its ascent to the World of Light.

The World of Darkness is not simply a geographical location, but also a state of being. It represents ignorance, attachment to material possessions, and the succumbing to negative emotions and desires. By overcoming these inner darknesses, the Mandaean practitioner can move closer to the light within themselves and ultimately transcend the limitations of the physical world.