Truss (unit)

A truss is a structural unit comprised of interconnected elements, typically arranged in triangular units, designed to efficiently carry loads across a span. Its members are commonly made of straight pieces connected at joints called nodes or panel points. The primary assumption in truss analysis is that the members are connected by pin joints, meaning they are only subjected to axial tension or compression. This idealized behavior allows for relatively straightforward calculations of member forces.

Trusses are known for their high strength-to-weight ratio, making them suitable for applications where minimizing weight is crucial. They are commonly employed in bridges, roofs, and towers. The individual members of a truss can be made of various materials, including steel, wood, and aluminum, depending on the specific requirements of the structure.

The efficiency of a truss lies in its ability to distribute loads through the interconnected members, converting bending moments into axial forces. This minimizes the material required to support a given load compared to other structural forms. Different truss configurations, such as Pratt, Warren, and Howe trusses, offer varying levels of efficiency and suitability depending on the loading conditions and span requirements.

The design of a truss involves determining the forces in each member under various loading scenarios and ensuring that the members are adequately sized to withstand these forces without failure. Factors such as material properties, buckling resistance, and connection details are crucial considerations in truss design.