Teuthrone

Teuthrone, also sometimes referred to as Teuthrania, is an ancient city located in Mysia, a region in northwestern Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). Its precise location is debated among historians and archaeologists, but it is generally placed near the Caicus River (modern-day Bakırçay River).

The city is mentioned in several ancient sources, including the works of Xenophon, who describes it as being attacked by his army in the Anabasis. This provides evidence of its existence in the late 5th/early 4th century BCE. It's also mentioned in the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, a geographical text dating to the 4th century BCE, which describes Teuthrone as a Greek city.

Historically, Teuthrone appears to have been a relatively minor settlement within the larger Mysian region, subject to the shifting political landscapes of the time. It likely came under Persian control during the Achaemenid Empire and later formed part of the Hellenistic kingdoms that emerged after Alexander the Great's conquests. Subsequently, it was incorporated into the Roman province of Asia.

While the exact etymology of the name "Teuthrone" is uncertain, it is believed to be pre-Greek in origin, possibly reflecting the indigenous languages of the region before Greek colonization.

Archaeological excavations at various sites in the Bakırçay valley have yielded artifacts and inscriptions that may be associated with Teuthrone, but definitive identification remains a challenge due to the limited evidence and the presence of other ancient settlements in the area. Further research and excavation are needed to fully understand the history and significance of Teuthrone.