Syncerus

Syncerus is a genus of African buffalo, containing only one extant species, the African buffalo or Cape buffalo ( Syncerus caffer). It is one of the most successful grazing animals in Africa.

The Syncerus genus is characterized by its large size, robust build, and prominent horns, which fuse at the base in mature males, forming a bony shield known as a boss. These horns are significantly different from those of Asian buffalo (genus Bubalus).

Syncerus caffer is further divided into several subspecies based on variations in size, horn shape, and geographic location. These subspecies include the Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer), the Central African buffalo (Syncerus caffer brachyceros), the Sudan buffalo (Syncerus caffer aequinoctialis), and the forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus).

African buffalo are social animals, living in herds that can range from a few individuals to several thousand. They are primarily grazers, consuming grasses and other vegetation. Their behavior is strongly influenced by the presence of predators, such as lions, leopards, and hyenas. They are known for their aggressive defense of themselves and their young.

The conservation status of Syncerus caffer is currently listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. While the overall population is relatively stable, certain subspecies and populations face localized threats from habitat loss, hunting, and disease.