Song Qing (Water Margin)

Song Qing (宋清) is a minor character in the classic Chinese novel Water Margin (also known as Outlaws of the Marsh). He is the younger brother of Song Jiang, one of the 108 Stars of Destiny and the leader of the Liangshan outlaws.

Song Qing is often referred to as "Iron Fan" Song Qing (鐵扇子 宋清). This nickname likely refers to his purported skill in manipulating events or being a good strategist behind the scenes, though the "Iron Fan" suggests a more metaphorical than literal use of a fan. Unlike his celebrated brother, Song Qing does not possess exceptional martial skills or tactical acumen. He is depicted as a relatively ordinary individual, responsible for managing the logistical and agricultural affairs of the Song family estate and, later, contributing to the organization of provisions for the Liangshan stronghold.

Following Song Jiang's decision to join the Liangshan rebels, Song Qing remains at home to manage the family affairs, ensuring their continued well-being. After Song Jiang establishes a stable leadership on Liangshan, he sends for his family, including Song Qing, to join him.

Upon joining Liangshan, Song Qing is given a relatively low-ranking position, reflecting his lack of outstanding skills in combat or strategy. He is primarily responsible for managing the storage and distribution of grain and supplies for the Liangshan army. His contribution is essential for the sustenance of the outlaw band, though his role is largely unsung and unglamorous compared to the more prominent Liangshan heroes.

After the Liangshan outlaws are granted amnesty and tasked with suppressing rebel forces for the Song Dynasty, Song Qing continues to serve alongside his brother. Following the conclusion of the campaigns, where Song Jiang is eventually poisoned by corrupt officials, Song Qing returns home. He receives an official title from the Emperor and lives out his days in comfort, inheriting the family fortune and ensuring its continuation. While not a celebrated warrior, Song Qing's loyalty and practical skills play a quiet but vital role in the narrative of Water Margin.