San mai

Sanmai (三昧, samādhi in Sanskrit) refers to a state of meditative absorption or concentration in various Buddhist traditions, particularly in Zen and Pure Land Buddhism. It denotes a deep state of focused attention, characterized by mental stillness, clarity, and profound tranquility. It is often described as a state of unity with the object of meditation, transcending the ordinary dualistic perception of self and other.

While the term sanmai originates from the Sanskrit samādhi, its specific interpretations and applications vary across different schools of Buddhism. Generally, it involves the calming of the mind and the directing of attention towards a single point, be it a physical object, a mantra, a concept, or the breath. Through sustained practice, the meditator can gradually overcome distractions and enter into deeper states of concentration.

In Zen Buddhism, sanmai is considered a crucial step on the path to enlightenment. Through zazen (seated meditation), practitioners aim to cultivate sanmai and realize their inherent Buddha-nature.

In Pure Land Buddhism, sanmai can refer specifically to the nianfo sanmai (念佛三昧), the "Buddha-Recollection Samadhi," which is the concentrated recitation of the name of Amitabha Buddha with the goal of achieving rebirth in the Pure Land. The sustained and single-minded focus on the Buddha's name is believed to purify the mind and create the conditions for spiritual liberation.