SLC23A1

SLC23A1, also known as Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 1 (SVCT1), is a protein encoded by the SLC23A1 gene in humans. It is a member of the solute carrier 23 (SLC23) family of transporters, which are responsible for transporting ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) across cell membranes.

SVCT1 plays a crucial role in maintaining Vitamin C homeostasis within the body. It is primarily expressed in epithelial cells of tissues that require high concentrations of Vitamin C, such as the skin, intestine, kidney, and liver. The transporter mediates the uptake of Vitamin C from the extracellular space into these cells, facilitating its antioxidant, enzymatic cofactor, and other essential functions.

The transport mechanism of SVCT1 is sodium-dependent. It utilizes the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions to drive the uptake of Vitamin C against its concentration gradient. This cotransport of sodium and Vitamin C allows cells to accumulate Vitamin C to levels much higher than those found in the surrounding plasma.

Variations in the SLC23A1 gene have been associated with differences in plasma Vitamin C levels and susceptibility to certain health conditions. Research suggests a potential link between SLC23A1 polymorphisms and conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders, although further studies are needed to fully elucidate these relationships.