Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)

The rail war in Belarus is an ongoing series of acts of sabotage, primarily targeting the Belarusian railway network, conducted by Belarusian activists and potentially foreign actors. These actions began shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, with the express purpose of disrupting and hindering the movement of Russian military equipment and personnel through Belarus to the Ukrainian border and into Ukraine itself.

The Belarusian railway system is strategically important to Russia due to its direct connection and proximity to Ukraine. Disruption of the Belarusian railways forces Russia to rely on longer, less efficient logistical routes.

Activities associated with the rail war have included:

• Sabotage of railway infrastructure: This involves damaging or destroying critical components of the railway network, such as signaling equipment, tracks, and electrical systems. These actions aim to cause delays, derailments, and overall disruption of rail traffic.
• Cyberattacks: Attempts have been made to disrupt the computerized systems that control railway operations, further hindering the movement of trains and supplies.
• Dissemination of information: Activists have shared information about Russian military movements via rail, both within Belarus and internationally, aiming to expose Russian activities and coordinate resistance efforts.
• Direct action: Some groups have claimed responsibility for physically blocking railway lines or interfering with railway equipment.

The Belarusian government, a close ally of Russia, has responded to the rail war with increased security measures, including increased surveillance of railway infrastructure and the implementation of stricter penalties for sabotage. Many suspected perpetrators have been arrested and face lengthy prison sentences.

The long-term impact of the rail war on the conflict in Ukraine is difficult to quantify precisely. However, it is generally believed that the disruption caused by these actions has contributed to logistical challenges for the Russian military and has provided a form of internal resistance against the Belarusian government's support for the Russian invasion. The actions are considered risky, with potential for severe legal consequences for participants.