Ragtime

Ragtime is an original American musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1897 and 1918. It's a primarily piano-based style characterized by its syncopated, or "ragged," melody played against a steady, march-like bass. Ragtime is considered a significant precursor to jazz and significantly influenced early jazz forms.

Characteristics:

• Syncopation: This is the defining characteristic of ragtime. The melody emphasizes off-beat rhythms, creating a "ragged" feel against the regular beat.
• Form: Ragtime compositions typically follow a multi-sectional form, similar to marches. A common structure involves a series of distinct themes (often four), each repeated before moving to the next. Sections are usually in different keys.
• Piano-centric: While ragtime can be arranged for other instruments, it is most strongly associated with the piano. The instrument's percussive nature lends itself well to the genre's rhythmic complexity.
• Harmonic Language: Ragtime generally uses a diatonic harmonic language, rooted in traditional Western harmony.
• No Improvisation: Unlike jazz, ragtime is usually strictly composed and notated. While some performers might add minor embellishments, improvisation is not a core element.

History:

Ragtime emerged in the late 19th century in African American communities in the Midwestern United States, particularly in Missouri. It quickly spread throughout the country, becoming a popular form of entertainment in bars, dance halls, and sheet music sales. The rise of player pianos further popularized ragtime, allowing people to enjoy the music without needing to play it themselves.

Notable Figures:

• Scott Joplin: Considered the "King of Ragtime," Joplin composed some of the most famous and enduring ragtime pieces, including "The Entertainer" and "Maple Leaf Rag."
• James Scott: Another important ragtime composer, known for his complex and sophisticated compositions.
• Joseph Lamb: A white composer who made significant contributions to ragtime.

Decline and Revival:

Ragtime's popularity began to decline after World War I, as jazz and other new forms of music gained prominence. However, there have been several revivals of interest in ragtime, most notably in the 1970s, spurred by the use of Scott Joplin's music in the film The Sting.

Legacy:

Ragtime's impact on American music is undeniable. It played a crucial role in the development of jazz and helped to popularize syncopated rhythms in popular music. Its influence can be heard in various genres, and it continues to be enjoyed and performed today.