Pralaya
Pralaya (Sanskrit: प्रलय, romanized: pralaya) refers to a term in Hindu cosmology that signifies dissolution, annihilation, or cataclysm. It denotes the periodic destruction and subsequent recreation of the universe. Pralaya is not simply an ending, but rather a necessary transition between cosmic cycles, preparing the ground for a new creation.
The concept of Pralaya is deeply intertwined with the cyclical nature of time in Hindu thought, where the universe undergoes continuous cycles of creation (Srishti), maintenance (Sthiti), and destruction/dissolution (Pralaya).
Different types of Pralaya are described in Hindu scriptures, including:
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Nitya Pralaya (Daily Dissolution): This refers to the constant, subtle changes and decay that occur within all things in the universe on a daily basis, essentially the process of aging and eventual death of all beings.
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Naimittika Pralaya (Occasional Dissolution): Also known as Brahma Pralaya, this dissolution occurs at the end of a kalpa (a day of Brahma), which is a period of 4.32 billion human years. During this period, the lower three realms (Bhurloka, Bhuvarloka, and Swargaloka) are destroyed, while the higher realms persist.
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Prakritika Pralaya (Elemental Dissolution): This is a more complete dissolution that occurs at the end of Brahma's life, which is equivalent to 100 Brahma years. During this Pralaya, all the elements of nature (earth, water, fire, air, ether) dissolve back into their primordial source, Prakriti (primordial matter).
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Atyantika Pralaya (Absolute Dissolution): This is not a cosmic event, but rather the liberation of the individual soul (Atman) from the cycle of rebirth (Samsara) through knowledge and realization of Brahman. This is considered the ultimate Pralaya for the individual.
The understanding of Pralaya is crucial to comprehending the Hindu worldview, which emphasizes the impermanence of all things and the continuous cycle of creation and destruction as an integral part of cosmic order. It highlights the importance of detachment and seeking liberation from the transient nature of existence.