Pelantaro

Pelantaro (c. 1576 – c. 1614) was a Mapuche toqui (war leader) who led a major Mapuche uprising against the Spanish in Chile during the early 17th century. He is primarily known for his military prowess and strategic thinking in the Arauco War.

Pelantaro was of humble origins, likely not from the traditional Mapuche elite. His rise to power was earned through battlefield experience and tactical brilliance. He is believed to have begun his military career as a warrior before demonstrating the leadership qualities necessary to command larger forces.

The rebellion spearheaded by Pelantaro began in 1598 following the Battle of Curalaba, where the Mapuche forces under his command decisively defeated the Spanish. This victory ignited a widespread revolt among the Mapuche and other indigenous peoples in the Araucanía region.

Pelantaro implemented innovative military tactics, adapting to the Spanish weaponry and strategies. He understood the importance of ambushes, fortifications, and logistics. His success forced the Spanish to retreat north of the Biobío River, marking a significant turning point in the Arauco War. The period following Curalaba and led by Pelantaro is often referred to as the "Destruction of the Seven Cities" due to the abandonment or destruction of Spanish settlements south of the Biobío.

His leadership and military successes inspired continued resistance among the Mapuche people, and his name became synonymous with defiance against Spanish colonization. While the exact details of his death are unclear, it is believed he died around 1614, leaving behind a legacy of fierce resistance that continued for centuries. He is remembered as one of the most successful and influential Mapuche military leaders in their struggle against the Spanish.