Pattimura

Pattimura (born Thomas Matulessy, June 8, 1783 – December 16, 1817) was an Ambonese soldier and national hero of Indonesia. He is best known for leading the Pattimura Rebellion of 1817 against the Dutch East India Company (VOC) on the island of Saparua in the Moluccas.

Born in Haria on the island of Saparua, Pattimura was a former sergeant in the British army, which had briefly controlled the Moluccas before handing them back to the Dutch. Discontent amongst the Ambonese people, fueled by oppressive Dutch policies, including forced labor, unfair trade practices, and religious interference, led to widespread unrest.

In May 1817, Pattimura led a successful attack on Fort Duurstede in Saparua, killing the Dutch resident Van den Berg and his garrison. This victory sparked a wider rebellion that spread throughout the Moluccas. Pattimura became the leader of the rebellion, commanding Ambonese, Papuan, and other indigenous forces. The rebellion was initially successful, but the Dutch responded with overwhelming military force.

After several months of intense fighting, the rebellion was gradually suppressed. Pattimura was eventually betrayed and captured by the Dutch. He was tried and found guilty of treason. On December 16, 1817, Pattimura was hanged in front of Fort Nieuw Victoria in Ambon.

Pattimura is considered a national hero of Indonesia for his bravery and resistance against colonial rule. His legacy continues to inspire Indonesians, and he is remembered as a symbol of resistance against oppression. Pattimura University in Ambon is named in his honor.