Orenburg electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)

The Orenburg electoral district was one of the 81 electoral districts created in 1917 for the election of delegates to the Russian Constituent Assembly. Covering the territory of the Orenburg Governorate, its geographic boundaries largely corresponded to the modern-day Orenburg Oblast of Russia, with some portions now within Kazakhstan.

The election in Orenburg, held in November 1917, was heavily influenced by the presence of the Orenburg Cossacks and their leader, Alexander Dutov. Dutov, a staunch opponent of the Bolsheviks, exerted significant influence on the political landscape of the region.

The Socialist-Revolutionaries (SRs) won a plurality of the vote in the Orenburg electoral district. This was consistent with the SRs' overall strong performance in rural areas throughout Russia. The Cossack Party also garnered significant support, reflecting the strong regional identity and specific political interests of the Orenburg Cossacks. Other parties that received votes in the district included the Bolsheviks, though their support was considerably weaker compared to the SRs and the Cossack Party. The results showcased the complex political dynamics of the region, reflecting both national trends and local particularities. Following the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly by the Bolsheviks in January 1918, the elected delegates from Orenburg, like those from other districts, were unable to fulfill their intended role in establishing a new political order for Russia.