Mouride

The Mouride brotherhood (Wolof: Mouridiyya, Arabic: المُرِيدية) is a large and influential Sufi order, primarily based in Senegal and The Gambia, with significant followings in other parts of West Africa and among the Senegalese diaspora. It is one of the four main Sufi orders of Senegal, the others being the Tijaniyya, Qadiriyya, and Layene.

Founded in 1883 by Shaykh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacke (1853-1927), the Mouride order distinguishes itself through its emphasis on the importance of work (ndigël - discipline/instruction) and devotion to a spiritual guide (a marabout). Its followers are known as Mourides (Wolof: Muriid, Arabic: مُرِيد).

Ahmadou Bamba's teachings centered on the purification of Islam and the importance of striving for spiritual perfection through the emulation of the Prophet Muhammad. He advocated for a peaceful resistance to French colonial rule, rejecting violence and instead promoting the development of a self-sufficient and pious community through hard work and Islamic education.

The Mouride order's economic influence is notable, particularly in agriculture and trade. Mouride disciples often engage in collective labor, dedicating their efforts to the service of their marabout and the community. This practice has contributed significantly to Senegal's economic development, especially in peanut farming.

The city of Touba, Senegal, founded by Ahmadou Bamba, serves as the spiritual capital of the Mouride order and a major pilgrimage destination for its followers. The Great Mosque of Touba, completed in 1963, is a prominent landmark and a symbol of Mouride devotion.

The leadership of the Mouride order is passed down through the descendants of Ahmadou Bamba. The current Khalif General is Serigne Mountakha Mbacké. The order's continued influence in Senegalese society and its growing presence in the diaspora demonstrate its enduring appeal and adaptability.