Monsignor

Monsignor is an honorific title granted by the Pope to certain priests who have distinguished themselves by service to the Church, or for exceptional merit. It is not an order of priesthood, nor is it a sacrament. The title does not change a priest's sacramental status or authority.

Eligibility and Conferral:

The practice of granting the title of Monsignor has evolved over time. Under Pope Paul VI, the number of categories was reduced. Subsequently, Pope Francis further limited the granting of the title. Generally, it is now awarded to diocesan priests who are at least 65 years of age (for the lowest rank). The process typically involves a bishop recommending a priest to the Holy See. The Vatican then reviews the recommendation and, if approved, grants the title.

Ranks of Monsignor (Historically and in some exceptional circumstances):

While the following ranks have been largely suppressed, they may still be exceptionally awarded or retained by those previously appointed. They are listed in descending order of precedence:

• Protonotary Apostolic de numero participantium: The highest rank, these were members of the College of Protonotaries Apostolic, which had a role in the papal curia. These positions were limited in number.
• Protonotary Apostolic supernumerary: These were protonotaries apostolic outside the de numero participantium college.
• Honorary Protonotary Apostolic: A largely honorary title.
• Prelate of Honor to His Holiness: (formerly Domestic Prelate) A higher rank than Chaplain of His Holiness.
• Chaplain of His Holiness: The lowest rank of monsignor.

Vesture:

Monsignors are entitled to wear certain clerical vesture that distinguishes them from ordinary priests, although the specific vesture varies depending on the rank (when applicable) and local customs. Typically, they may wear a cassock with purple piping and buttons, and a purple zucchetto (skullcap). They may also wear a black biretta with a purple tuft. However, Pope Francis has discouraged the use of elaborate vesture, emphasizing simplicity.

Usage:

A Monsignor is addressed as "Monsignor" (e.g., "Monsignor Smith"). In formal writing, the title precedes the priest's name (e.g., "The Reverend Monsignor John Smith").