Momiji (oni)
Momiji, also known as Momiji-oni (紅葉鬼), is a prominent figure in Japanese folklore, specifically associated with the legend of the Momiji-Gari (紅葉狩り, "maple leaf viewing"). While often classified as an oni, her story is more complex than that of a simple demon.
Origins and Background:
The accounts surrounding Momiji's origins vary depending on the region and version of the tale. Generally, she is said to have been a noblewoman who, due to some transgression or inherent malevolence, was exiled from the imperial court. Common explanations for her exile include possessing supernatural powers from birth, practicing forbidden sorcery, or plotting against the emperor. In some versions, she is connected to a fallen deity or a spirit possessing a human.
The Momiji-Gari Legend:
After being exiled, Momiji retreated to the Togakushi mountains (戸隠山) in Shinano Province (present-day Nagano Prefecture). There, she gathered followers and terrorized the local populace. She would use her magic to disguise herself and her followers, ambushing travelers and plundering villages. The name "Momiji-Gari," literally "maple leaf viewing," alludes to the beautiful autumn scenery that masked the oni's activities. Her mountainous hideout, surrounded by vibrant autumn foliage, became her hunting ground.
Defeat and Demise:
Eventually, the imperial court dispatched a skilled warrior, often identified as Taira no Koremochi (平維茂), to subdue Momiji and her band of oni. Koremochi, aided by the power of the gods or a sacred sword, confronted Momiji in battle. After a fierce struggle, Koremochi ultimately vanquished Momiji, restoring peace to the region. The site of the final battle is said to be near Togakushi Shrine, and the crimson leaves are often interpreted as a reminder of the bloodshed.
Characteristics and Powers:
Momiji is typically depicted as a beautiful yet fearsome woman, possessing powerful magical abilities. She is capable of shapeshifting, creating illusions, and commanding other oni. She is also often associated with poison and disease, using these to weaken her enemies. Unlike some oni who are purely destructive, Momiji is often portrayed as cunning and strategic, carefully planning her attacks and manipulating those around her.
Legacy:
The legend of Momiji continues to be a popular subject in Japanese art, literature, and theater. She is often portrayed in Noh plays, Kabuki performances, and ukiyo-e prints. The Momiji-Gari festival, celebrated in various locations throughout Japan, commemorates Koremochi's victory over Momiji and celebrates the beauty of autumn foliage. Her story serves as a reminder of the potential for beauty to mask danger and the importance of vigilance against evil.