Men-yoroi

Men-yoroi (面鎧) is a component of Japanese armour (yoroi) designed to protect the face. It is a type of facial armour worn by samurai and their retainers in feudal Japan. The men-yoroi typically consists of a variety of designs, including those covering the entire face, the cheeks and chin only, or only the nose and upper lip.

Different styles of men-yoroi were used depending on the period and the personal preferences of the warrior. Some common types include:

• Somen: This type covers the entire face, offering maximum protection. It often features a hinged nose piece that can be detached.

• Mempo: Covering the face from the nose down to the chin, often including cheek guards. Mempo could display fierce expressions to intimidate the enemy.

• Hanbo: Protecting only the chin and lower cheeks.

• Happuri: Only protecting the forehead.

These facial armours were usually made of iron or leather, sometimes lacquered for weather resistance and aesthetic appeal. They were secured to the helmet (kabuto) and the rest of the armour with cords. The craftsmanship of men-yoroi was often highly detailed, reflecting the status and wealth of the wearer. A notable aspect was the inclusion of a fearsome or intimidating face, intended to psychologically affect opponents on the battlefield. The gorget (nodowa) provided additional protection to the neck area below the men-yoroi.