Lignan

A lignan is a type of chemical compound found in plants. Technically, lignans are dimers formed from phenylpropanoid units (C6C3). This means they are produced by the joining of two molecules, each derived from the amino acid phenylalanine via the shikimate pathway. The connection between the two units involves the beta-beta' (8-8') carbon atoms.

Lignans are found in a variety of plant-based foods, including flaxseed, sesame seeds, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. They are also present in some medicinal plants. Different plants contain different types and amounts of lignans.

In the human diet, some lignans are metabolized by intestinal bacteria into enterolignans, such as enterodiol and enterolactone. These enterolignans are phytoestrogens, meaning they are plant-derived compounds with estrogen-like activity. They bind to estrogen receptors in the body, albeit with lower affinity than endogenous estrogen.

Research suggests that lignans and enterolignans may have potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. However, more research is needed to fully understand their effects on human health. Claims about the health benefits of lignans are often based on preliminary studies, and it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before making any dietary changes or using lignan supplements.