Lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH)

Lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH), also known as L-lactaldehyde reductase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reduction of lactaldehyde to (R)-1,2-propanediol. This reaction utilizes NADPH as a cofactor. The enzyme is found in a variety of organisms, including bacteria and mammals, and plays a role in various metabolic pathways.

Reaction:

The enzyme catalyzes the following reaction:

Lactaldehyde + NADPH + H⁺ ⇌ (R)-1,2-propanediol + NADP⁺

Function:

The specific function of lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) can vary depending on the organism and the specific metabolic context. In some cases, it participates in pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism, contributing to the interconversion of sugars and related metabolites. In other instances, it may play a role in detoxification processes, reducing potentially harmful aldehydes. The stereospecificity of the enzyme, producing the (R)-isomer of 1,2-propanediol, is significant and reflects its specific role within the cellular metabolic network.

Enzyme Properties:

While the precise kinetic parameters and structural features can vary across different organisms, lactaldehyde reductases typically share certain characteristics. These enzymes are often found as soluble proteins within the cytoplasm or other cellular compartments. Their activity is influenced by factors such as pH and temperature, and they exhibit substrate specificity towards lactaldehyde and NADPH.

Distribution:

Lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) has been identified in a range of organisms, highlighting its evolutionary conservation and diverse functional roles across different biological systems.

Clinical Significance:

The role of lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) in human health and disease is not fully understood and requires further investigation. However, its involvement in metabolic processes suggests potential implications in various conditions where metabolic imbalances occur.

Further Research:

Further research is needed to fully elucidate the diverse roles of lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) in various organisms and to explore its potential clinical significance. Detailed structural studies and investigations into its regulatory mechanisms are particularly important areas for future research.