Kosmos 21

Kosmos 21 (Russian: Космос 21 meaning Cosmos 21) was a Soviet satellite launched in 1963 as part of the Kosmos program. It was an experimental weather satellite prototype. The primary goal of Kosmos 21 was to test and refine the systems necessary for future operational meteorological satellites. Specific objectives included evaluating the satellite's attitude control, power supply, thermal regulation, and communication systems. The satellite carried instruments to measure various atmospheric parameters, including cloud cover and radiation levels. Launch occurred from Baikonur Cosmodrome using a Voskhod rocket. While not fully successful in its experimental mission, Kosmos 21 provided valuable data and experience that contributed to the development of later Soviet weather satellites, such as the Meteor series.