John Ball (priest)

John Ball (c. 1338 – 15 July 1381) was an English priest and a key figure in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. While details of his early life are scarce, he is known to have been a radical preacher who advocated for social and economic equality. His sermons, delivered in English rather than the usual Latin, directly challenged the established social hierarchy and the Church's authority. He condemned the wealth and privilege of the nobility and clergy, arguing for a more egalitarian society where all people were equal in the eyes of God.

Ball's most famous sermon, possibly delivered at Blackheath prior to the start of the revolt, is often summarized by the phrase "When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman?" This rhetorical question questioned the legitimacy of the aristocratic class and their claim to superiority. His teachings inspired many of the rebels who participated in the uprising, demanding an end to serfdom, fairer taxation, and an overall restructuring of society.

While his specific role within the revolt remains debated among historians, his influence is undeniable. He was captured and executed alongside other leaders of the rebellion following its suppression. His legacy remains controversial, with some portraying him as a revolutionary figure fighting for social justice, while others highlight the violence and chaos associated with the revolt. Despite the brevity of his documented life, John Ball's sermons and actions had a significant impact on the social and political climate of 14th-century England and remain a subject of ongoing historical study. His memory continues to be associated with radical social and economic reform.