Vaishya

In the traditional Hindu Varna system, Vaishya (Sanskrit: वैश्य, Vaiśya) constitutes the third of the four social orders. Traditionally, Vaishyas were associated with mercantile activities, including agriculture, cattle rearing, trade, and finance.

The duties (dharma) traditionally ascribed to Vaishyas included activities that contributed to the economic well-being of the community. This encompassed a wide range of roles, from cultivating land and raising livestock to engaging in trade, lending money, and managing businesses. The classical texts emphasize the importance of honesty and fairness in their dealings.

Historically, the Vaishya community played a significant role in the economic development and prosperity of India. They facilitated the exchange of goods and services, contributing to the growth of towns and cities. Over time, specific sub-castes (jatis) within the Vaishya varna specialized in particular trades or professions, leading to diverse economic specializations.

It is important to note that the Varna system, including the role of the Vaishya, has been subject to considerable social and political debate, particularly in the context of modern India. The traditional associations of varna with specific occupations are not always strictly followed in contemporary society, and the system has been criticized for contributing to social inequality and discrimination.