History of the National Front (UK)

The National Front (NF) was a far-right, British political party that achieved its greatest electoral success in the 1970s. It espoused a nationalist, anti-immigrant, and white supremacist ideology.

Origins and Formation:

The NF was formed in 1967 from a merger of several smaller far-right groups, most notably the British National Party (led by John Bean), the League of Empire Loyalists, and the Racial Preservation Society. A.K. Chesterton became its first chairman. This amalgamation sought to unite the disparate factions of the British far-right under a single banner.

Ideology and Policies:

The NF's core tenets centred on racial nationalism and the belief in the inherent superiority of the white British race. They advocated for an end to non-white immigration and the repatriation of immigrants and their descendants. Their political program also included calls for withdrawal from the European Economic Community (EEC), a strong national defence, and a restoration of traditional British values. Economic policies varied over time but generally favoured protectionism and state intervention.

Growth and Electoral Performance (1970s):

The NF experienced a period of growth in the 1970s, fueled by anxieties surrounding immigration, economic decline, and social change. They gained a significant media presence, often attracting controversy through provocative marches and rallies. While never winning a parliamentary seat, the NF achieved notable results in local elections, particularly in areas with large immigrant populations. Their peak electoral performance came in the 1970s, with the party fielding candidates in a significant number of constituencies. However, their support remained limited and geographically concentrated.

Decline and Fragmentation (1980s):

The NF's electoral fortunes began to decline in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Internal divisions, disagreements over strategy and leadership, and the emergence of more mainstream conservative rhetoric on immigration contributed to its fragmentation. In 1979, a major split occurred, leading to the formation of the National Party by a faction led by John Tyndall. Further splits and factional infighting continued throughout the 1980s, weakening the NF's organizational strength and electoral appeal.

Later Years and Legacy:

The NF continued to exist in a much-diminished form in subsequent decades, undergoing further splits and name changes. It never regained its former prominence, and its electoral support dwindled to negligible levels. The legacy of the NF is complex and controversial. It highlighted the issue of race and immigration in British politics and contributed to the hardening of attitudes on these issues. Its activities also sparked significant anti-racist and anti-fascist movements. The NF served as a precursor to later far-right and nationalist groups in the UK.

Key Figures:

• A.K. Chesterton
• John Bean
• John Tyndall
• Martin Webster