History of Ecuador (1944–1960)

The period in Ecuadorian history from 1944 to 1960 was a time of significant political and economic upheaval, characterized by oscillations between democratic aspirations and authoritarian rule, burgeoning social movements, and evolving economic strategies. This era began with the May Revolution of 1944, also known as La Gloriosa, which ousted President Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río. Arroyo del Río's government was perceived as corrupt and unresponsive, and his downfall was precipitated by widespread popular discontent fueled by economic hardship and political repression.

José María Velasco Ibarra, a charismatic populist leader, assumed the presidency following the revolution. Velasco Ibarra's first term (1944-1947) was marked by efforts to implement social reforms and strengthen Ecuador's national identity. However, his administration was plagued by political infighting and instability. He was overthrown in 1947 by the military.

Following Velasco Ibarra's ouster, Ecuador experienced a period of political instability with a succession of short-lived governments. These included the presidencies of Mariano Suárez Veintimilla, Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, and Galo Plaza Lasso. Galo Plaza Lasso's presidency (1948-1952) is generally considered a period of relative stability and progress. Plaza Lasso focused on agricultural development, infrastructure improvements, and strengthening democratic institutions. His commitment to constitutionalism and free elections was a notable departure from the preceding years.

José María Velasco Ibarra returned to the presidency in 1952, winning a landslide victory in a free and fair election. His second term (1952-1956) was characterized by increased government spending on public works projects and a continuation of his populist policies. However, economic difficulties and political opposition persisted.

Camilo Ponce Enríquez, representing the Social Christian Party, won the presidential election in 1956. His administration (1956-1960) focused on economic development and attracting foreign investment. Ponce Enríquez also faced challenges related to social unrest and political polarization. The end of his term marked the lead up to the 1960 election, setting the stage for further shifts in Ecuadorian politics. This era witnessed the rise of new political movements and ideologies, shaping the trajectory of Ecuadorian politics for decades to come. The period's fluctuating political landscape and socio-economic issues played a crucial role in shaping Ecuador's modern identity.