Hen flea

A hen flea ( Ceratophyllus gallinae) is a species of flea found commonly in the nests of birds, particularly hens and other poultry. It is a small, wingless insect, typically reddish-brown in color, and adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood from its host.

Hen fleas are characterized by their laterally flattened bodies, allowing them to move easily through the feathers of birds. They possess powerful hind legs adapted for jumping, enabling them to move between hosts and locations. Unlike some other flea species that remain on their host constantly, hen fleas often reside in the nests and only visit the host for feeding.

The life cycle of the hen flea consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs are laid in the nest environment and hatch into larvae. The larvae feed on organic debris in the nest, including adult flea feces, which contains undigested blood. After several molts, the larvae pupate within a silken cocoon. The adult flea emerges from the cocoon and seeks a host to feed on.

Infestations of hen fleas can cause irritation, itching, and restlessness in birds. Heavy infestations can lead to anemia, decreased egg production, and even mortality in young birds. Control measures often involve thorough cleaning and treatment of nests and surrounding areas with appropriate insecticides. Maintaining good hygiene and sanitation in poultry housing is crucial for preventing and managing hen flea infestations. While Ceratophyllus gallinae primarily parasitizes birds, it can occasionally bite humans, although they are not a preferred host.