Hellas (poem)

Hellas is a lyrical drama and philosophical poem written by Percy Bysshe Shelley, published in 1822. Subtitled "A Lyrical Drama," it was written in response to the Greek War of Independence (1821-1829). The poem envisions a utopian future resulting from the Greek revolution and the potential for liberty to spread throughout the world.

The drama is set during the Ottoman rule of Greece and features historical figures such as Mahmud II, the Ottoman Sultan. It explores themes of freedom, tyranny, hope, and the cyclical nature of history. The character of Ahasuerus, the Wandering Jew, serves as a prophetic figure, offering glimpses into the past and future.

"Hellas" is characterized by its idealistic vision and its impassioned plea for Greek independence. It is known for its beautiful language, its lyrical passages, and its philosophical reflections on history and human nature. The final chorus, beginning with the line "The world's great age begins anew," is particularly famous for its optimistic and revolutionary spirit.

The poem draws upon classical Greek sources and Shelley's own radical political beliefs. While the historical context of the Greek War of Independence is central, Shelley uses the conflict as a springboard to explore broader themes of political and social justice. Despite the initial setbacks of the Greek revolutionaries, Shelley maintained a belief in the ultimate triumph of liberty, a belief powerfully expressed in "Hellas."