Harb (tribe)

The Harb are a large and historically significant Arab tribe primarily located in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. They trace their lineage back to Harb ibn Saad ibn Khawlan, a descendant of Khawlan, a Qahtanite ancestor.

History and Origins:

The Harb tribe's origins lie in Yemen. They migrated northwards to the Hejaz in the 4th century AH (approximately 10th century CE), gradually establishing themselves in the region between Mecca and Medina. Over time, they displaced or absorbed earlier inhabitants and became a dominant force in the area. Historically, the Harb controlled important pilgrimage routes and were known for their independence and warrior culture.

Divisions and Sub-tribes:

The Harb tribe is divided into two main branches: Bani Masruh and Bani Salim. These branches are further subdivided into numerous sub-tribes and clans, each with its own sheikh (leader) and territory. Some of the notable sub-tribes include Bani Auf, Bani Amr, and others. The specific affiliations and interrelationships within the tribe are complex and can vary over time.

Culture and Traditions:

Like other Bedouin tribes, the Harb historically practiced nomadic pastoralism, raising camels, sheep, and goats. They maintained a strong oral tradition, preserving their history, genealogy, and poetry through storytelling and recitation. Tribal customs and traditions, including codes of honor, hospitality, and dispute resolution, played a central role in their social structure.

Role in Saudi Arabia:

The Harb tribe played a significant role in the unification of Saudi Arabia under King Abdulaziz Al Saud in the early 20th century. Many Harb tribesmen supported King Abdulaziz in his campaigns and contributed to the establishment of the modern Kingdom. Today, the Harb continue to be a prominent tribe in Saudi Arabia, and their members hold positions in various sectors of society.

Contemporary Status:

While many members of the Harb tribe have transitioned from nomadic lifestyles to settled communities, they continue to maintain strong tribal ties and identities. They actively participate in Saudi society and contribute to its economic and social development. The tribe's history and heritage remain an important part of their cultural identity.