Haplogroup H5 (mtDNA)

Haplogroup H5 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a subclade of the larger and more common haplogroup H, and is found primarily in Europe and the Near East. mtDNA haplogroups represent major branches on the human matrilineal tree, tracing ancestry back through the maternal line.

Haplogroup H5 is characterized by a specific set of mutations on the mitochondrial genome. These mutations distinguish it from other branches within haplogroup H, and are used to identify individuals belonging to this lineage. The defining mutations are identified through sequencing or genotyping of the mitochondrial DNA.

The origin of haplogroup H5 is believed to be in the Near East, with subsequent migrations into Europe during the Neolithic period. It is generally associated with the spread of agriculture from the Fertile Crescent into Europe. The distribution of H5 within Europe is not uniform, with varying frequencies in different regions. Higher concentrations can be found in some parts of Southern and Western Europe.

Studies on haplogroup H5 have contributed to our understanding of human population history, migration patterns, and genetic diversity. Analysis of mtDNA provides insights into the maternal origins of individuals and populations. Research on H5, like other mtDNA haplogroups, continues to refine our knowledge of human evolution and dispersal.